Who was the first Governor of Texas?

The first Governor of Texas was James Pinckney Henderson, who held the position after Texas gained statehood in 1845. His role as governor came at a crucial time when Texas was transitioning from a republic to being part of the United States. Henderson was an important political figure and helped establish the governance structure in the newly admitted state.

Stephen F. Austin is often referred to as the "Father of Texas" for his role in bringing settlers to the region, but he did not serve as governor. Sam Houston, who is a well-known figure in Texas history and served as the president of the Republic of Texas, became the first elected governor of the state after it joined the Union in 1845, yet he was not the first governor in the official sense. Gregg Abbott is a current governor but is not part of the historical context required by the question.